I

I. African American History Additions and Corrections

a. Civil War

i. Caused mainly due to economic reasons

1. The economy of the North was based on industry

2. The economy of the South was based on large plantations run by slaves

ii. Abraham Lincoln (1809-1864)

1. Disagreed with slavery

2. Elected President in 1860, causing the South to secede

iii. Confederacy:

1. President was Jefferson Davis

2. First was South Carolina, then Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas

3. Later joined by North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Arkansas

iv.

v. Emancipation Proclamation

1. Given by Lincoln on September 23, 1862

2. Freed the slaves ONLY in the South on January 1, 1862.

3. Although he disagreed with slavery, Lincoln mainly did this to cause chaos in the Confederacy.

vi. Civil War

1. Ended officially April 26, 1864

2. Slavery was abolished after the war ended in the Union.

vii. Assassination

1. John Wilkes Booth shot Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre on April 14, 1865.

viii. Summary of the War

Union	Confederacy
Leaders
Abraham Lincoln	Jefferson Davis
Generals
General Ulysses S. Grant	General Robert E. Lee
Strength
2,803,300	1,064,200
Casualties
KIA: 110,100	KIA: 74,500
Total dead: 359,500	Total dead: 198,500
Wounded: 275,200	Wounded: 137,000+

b. Lynchings

i. Ku Klux Klan (not Klu Klux Klan)

ii. Not just limited to African Americans, although 4/5 lynchings were of blacks.

iii. Officially, between 1882 and 1968:

1. 4,743 persons died of lynching

2. 3,446 of them black men and women

iv. Real numbers probably closer to 10,000

v. Anti-lynching legislation not passed until 2005!!!

vi. Happens VERY INFREQUENTLY still today in the US.

II. Chinese-American and Asian-American History

a. Chinese Diaspora

i. Four stages of dispersion

1. Huashang (华商）

a. Mainly before 1850

b. Especially in Philippines and Thailand

2. Huagong (华工)

a. 1850s-18920s

b. Coolie workers (苦力)

c. Went mainly to the United States and Australia

3. Huaqiao (华侨)

a. Started in 1911 with the fall of the Qin Dynasty

b. Mainly for education

4. Huayi (华裔)

a. Since 1950

b. Overseas Chinese whose descendants have then moved to a new place.

ii. Numbers

Asia	28,800,000	81%
Americas	5,020,000	14.50%
Europe	945,000	2.60%
Oceania	564,000	1.50%
Africa	126,000	0.30%
Total	35,175,000	100%

iii. Countries

Continent/Country	Population	% of local population	% of Overseas Chinese population
Asia	28,800,000		81%
North Korea	50,000	0.20%
Laos	50,000	1%
South Korea	100,000	0.20%
Cambodia	150,000	1.20%
Japan	175,000	0.10%
Myanmar	1,300,000	3%
Philippines	1,500,000	2%
Vietnam	2,300,000	3%
Singapore	3,400,000	76.80%
Malaysia	7,000,000	30%
Indonesia	7,300,000	3.10%
Thailand	7,300,000	12%
Americas	5,020,000		14.50%
Canada	1,200,000	3.69%
United States	2,400,000	0.80%
Europe	945,000		2.60%
United Kingdom	247,403	0.40%
France	300,000
Russia	680,000
Oceania	564,000		1.50%
Australia	454,000	2.50%
New Zealand	115,000	2.80%
Africa	126,000		0.30%
South Africa	100,000	0.20%
Total	35,175,000		100%

b. Chinese-American Timeline

i. 1820s- First came to the Americas via Mexico

ii. 1848- Gold Rush started when gold was found at Sutter’s Hill, CA. Many Chinese came.

iii. 1852- Chinese move to Hawaii to work the fields

iv. 1862- California passes “police tax” of $2.50/month on every Chinese

v. 1865-69- Construction of the Trans-continental railroad

1. Built from the east by the Irish immigrants

2. Built from the west by Chinese coolie (苦力) workers

vi. 1882- Passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act (CEA)

1. Said that there would be no more Chinese immigrants allowed into the US for the next 20 years

vii. 1902- CEA extended for 10 years

viii. 1904- CEA made permanent

ix. 1906- Great San Francisco Earthquake

1. Destroyed many files, and allowed many Chinese to gain citizenship

x. 1911- Despite ban, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese immigration slowly begins to start

xi. 1943- CEA repealed after China joins America as an ally in WWII.

c. Famous Chinese Americans

i. Hiram L. Fong (1907-2004)

2. First Chinese-American Senator from Hawaii (1959-1977)

3. Also first Asian-American Senator

4. Attended Harvard

5. Only Republican ever to be elected to the Senate from Hawaii

ii. Taylor (Gun-Jin) Wang (1940-)

2. First Chinese-American astronaut on April 29, 1985.

3. Originally from Shanghai, grew up in Taiwan, moved to Hong Kong and finally the United States for university where he has lived since.

iii. Amy Tan (1952-)

2. Famous author

a. Most famous book is The Joy Luck Club

b. About four generations of Chinese women living in the United States

3. Born in San Francisco, USA

iv. David (Dayi) Ho (1952-)

2. Famous AIDS researcher

3. Therefore comes to Yunnan frequently

4. Originally born in Taiwan, but moved to the US when he was 12.

5. Time’s “Man of the Year” in 1996

v. Connie “Yu-Hwa ” Chung (1946-)

2. National anchor for CBS news in 1993

3. Second woman to host a national news broadcast

4. Has been on CBS, NBC, and most recently CNN

d. American Stereotypes of Chinese

i. All Chinese know kungfu

ii. Anything to do with China is "ancient" and "mysterious.“

iii. All Chinese are "brainwashed" into worshipping Chairman Mao and can't think independently.

iv. "Guangdonghua" (Cantonese) is the official language of China.

v. Chinese culture is basically the same today as it was 1,000 years ago (eg, "traditional, conservative, polite," etc.).

vi. In China, no one can express any idea that isn't approved by Chairman Mao - if you do express an "unapproved" idea, you will be instantly sent to jail or shot.

vii. Chinese (and all "Asians") are good at math and science.

viii. China and Japan are basically the same. (Source: ignorance).

ix. "Asian" women are generally subservient to men, anti-feminist, and more "morally pure" than Western women.

e. American Stereotypes of Chinese-Americans

i. Good workers

ii. Diligent students

iii. All work as spies for the Chinese government

iv. Just like all other “Asian-Americans”

v. According to a national survey in 2001:

1. 25%, of Americans have strong negative attitudes towards Chinese Americans.

2. 23% of Americans are uncomfortable voting for an Asian American to be President of the United States. This is in contrast to 15% compared with an African American candidate, 14% compared with a woman candidate and 11% compared with a Jewish candidate.

3. 24% of Americans would not approve of inter-marriage with an Asian American. This number is lower than that compared to an African American (34%), but higher than a Hispanic (21%) and a Jew (16%).

4. 7% of Americans would not want to work for an Asian American CEO. This is in contrast to 4% for an African American, 3% for a woman and 4% for a Jew.